mounting linux partition

Specify the filesystem type when trying to mount with -t ext4. Also make sure you are using the correct disk and partition. In other words, sda6 isn't your swap partition is it?

How do I specify the filesystem type when trying to mount with -t ext4? What does that mean? sda 6 is ext4.

/dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/sda1: LABEL="System Reserved" UUID="D204C2FE04C2E497" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda2: UUID="B4C2D6F9C2D6BEB4" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda5: UUID="c24ea153-49eb-467b-981c-3dff94026b24" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sda6: UUID="9407c6e7-0926-48d7-b39e-1a2cd3bf1034" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda7: UUID="ac0d7758-2a98-4e2c-940c-e184a9090402" TYPE="swap"
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$

interesting that you have 2 swap partitions.
what it says is that you have windoze installed on your drive and 2 partitions are allocated to it.
and there's one partition that's formated for linux.
however, you don't have linux installed anywhere.

How do I fix that or can I fix it?

how did the crash happen? were you trying for format a partition?

you can probably fix it.

boot from your live cd and type

sudo fdisk -l

that's a hyphen followed by a lowercase L

so we can see exactly what's there. we might get a different output.

Disk /dev/sda: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14593 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00074274

   Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 13 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 13 3062 24484854+ 7 HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sda3 3062 14594 92632065 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 13995 14594 4805632 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6 3062 13545 84206592 83 Linux
/dev/sda7 13545 13994 3610624 82 Linux swap / Solaris

Partition table entries are not in disk order

I lost power, so it didn't shut down properly. When I went to boot up it couldn't find the linux partition. Windows boots up fine however.

okay. it says you're using solaris unix. we support ubuntu linux here.

you might want to try a solaris help forum instead.

No, I use Ubuntu Linux.

Your partition table looks OK, no overlaps, and type 82 is right for Linux (or Solaris) Swap. Just to be sure, you tried to mount from the live CD with the command:
sudo mount -text2 /dev/sda6 /mnt/xxx
where xxx is some directory in /mnt ( or just /mnt itself if nothing else is mounted)
If that cannot find the filesystem, you might be able to fix it with
sudo fsck -t ext4 /dev/sda6

Thanks Ubfan! The "sudo fsck -t ext4 /dev/sda6" command did the trick! I was just about to give up and rebuild this machine too.